Ottoman Objections to the Proposed Reforms

During the Constantinople Conference, the Ottoman plenipotentiaries were allowed to present an alternative plan. They strongly protested against two key points of the Powers’ proposal: the appointment of Christian Governors and the establishment of a Commission of International Control. These points were central to the plan, as they guaranteed fairness and proper execution of the reforms.

The plan of the Powers was carefully prepared, based on notes and discussions exchanged between European Cabinets, especially the Austrian note of December 30, 1875. The Powers insisted on keeping the Christian Governors and the international supervision because no other measure would ensure that the reforms were actually carried out Guided Tours Turkey.

Failure of the Conference

Despite some concessions on minor points, the Ottoman representatives refused to compromise. They would not accept the presence of Christian governors or foreign supervision. As a result, the Conference ended without any agreement. The situation in the Balkans was growing tense, and the threat of war loomed over the region.

The Outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War

War finally broke out on April 12, 1877, when Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman government, which had stubbornly refused reforms, was forced to yield by military action. The conflict led to the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed in March 1878.

Creation of the Autonomous Bulgarian Principality

The Treaty of San Stefano established Bulgaria as an autonomous Principality, still technically under Ottoman suzerainty (Article 6). Importantly, Bulgaria was granted a Christian government, reflecting the demands of the Bulgarian people, and a national militia for defense and internal security. These measures marked a major step toward independence, correcting decades of injustice and oppression under Ottoman rule.

Significance

The refusal of the Ottoman Empire at the Constantinople Conference and the subsequent victory of Bulgarian interests through war demonstrate how diplomatic efforts and armed struggle together shaped the foundation of modern Bulgaria. It also shows the critical role of international support in securing national rights and autonomy.